Essay on My Philosophy of Teaching - 557 Words

Philosophy of Education Education plays a significant role in everyones life. The purpose of education is to better our society as a whole. I believe education expands the minds of children and helps to give them a guideline on how to survive in the world. The purpose of a teacher is to provide students with an array of beliefs and views, which will later allow the students to create their own ideas about what is important in the world. The main goal of most teachers is to enforce ideas that they believe will be most valuable for a childs life. Teachers should base their curriculum on their students needs and interests. I believe that there are many conditions that are needed to help enhance learning for students.†¦show more content†¦Children all learn differently and teachers must be prepared to foster all of their needs. Throughout my years of schooling I always found that teachers who allowed their students to grasp concepts or ideas through hands on projects and visual aids were the most successful when it came to getting the point across. I believe that the best tactic for teaching students is to allow learning through trial and error. This type of teaching opens many doors for teachers. It allows teachers to break the students up into groups and have them share their ideas with one another. By doing this students learn how too cooperate with one another and to respect their peers thoughts. In order to be successful in the teaching career I believe you must be extremely organized. Teachers must always have a worked out schedule of what they would like to accomplish with the class. By doing this it sets goals for the teacher which are later beneficial for everyone in the class. While creating your lesson plan teachers must always be open to new and creative ideas from others. Teacher must also understand that what they plan out each day may not always get accomplished. It is very important to make time for class discussions, which allows students to state their opinions and beliefs. Classrooms are filled with children from many different backgrounds. I believe as a teacher that it is your job to create aShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy911 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy When I think about my teaching philosophy, I think of a quote by Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer and philosopher. Kazantzakis states, â€Å"True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their own.† In my classroom, I will provide an environment that shows I am a â€Å"true teacher.† Philosophy of Discipline I believe that children learn best andRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching For Teaching932 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was learning about teaching in college classes my philosophy of education was different than when I actually started doing my student teaching. As soon as a teacher enters the classroom, it should be his/her second home. Teaching is a field of occupation where teacher needs have these two personality traits: patience and flexibility. Not all teachers are same thus each has their unique way of teaching students. My philosophy for teaching is very simple and fair. I would like to incorporateRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused onRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Teaching932 Words   |  4 Pages This is my personal philosophy of teaching. This is my belief about teaching and learning and how I will put my beliefs into classroom practices. First and foremost, the purpose of education is to educate students so that they can be ready for the real world. It should prepare students for life, work, and citizenship. To do this, education should teach one to think creatively and productively. In addition to preparing students for the real world, all students should be able to read and comprehendRead MoreTeaching Philosophy : My Philosophy1100 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching Philosophy: Lauren Gross EDUC 120 Learn to Teach, Learn to Learn. / Use the past to teach the future ( That is my philosophy) Theory helps teachers think about what we experience and furthermore to teach and learn about how we, as educators, learn. Teachers should be supportive and cooperative, teachers should play the role of a friend, but also stealthily act in the role of advisor or guide for students. Teachers should live by existing educational theories, but also be able to createRead MoreMy Philosophy : Teaching Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Professor Varis teaching philosophy it is quite evident he takes great consideration for his students and their learning opportunities. As I reflect on and review my understanding and my learning philosophy I am given the chance to reflect on past classes and possibly what could have been different on my behalf and the professor’s behalf. Also at this time I relish the opportunity to contimplate what my values, principles, achievement skills and also my expectations for this class areRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy1145 Wor ds   |  5 PagesMy teaching philosophy is to engage in a mutual exchange of knowledge with the students. I believe that through helping students to develop skills of critical reflection and critical thinking they will become able to carry out innovative research and also succeed in work beyond academia. Through interactive teaching methods such as group work, role play, and joint presentations I seek not only to encourage students to engage with me as an instructor, but also to exchange and discuss ideas with theirRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy1888 Words   |  8 PagesTeaching Philosophy My philosophy of education is founded on the core principle that all children should have equal access to a quality education that will prepare them for higher education and to be contributing members of society. Schools were founded on the primary principle of teaching values to students as well as educating them academically. While values have been removed from the curriculum, I still believe much of what we do as teachers is instilling values in our students. As educators,Read MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1217 Words   |  5 Pagesis at the elementary school level. My current goal is to either teach the 4th or 5th grade level. Moreover, throughout the semester I have read about or seen different philosophies through the observations I have done throughout the semester. While reading chapter 6 in the class text I thought to myself, as an educator what will be teaching philosophy that best suited my beliefs. Moreover, in chapter 6 there was a test where one would figure out their phil osophy according to the test result. For meRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of my academic career, teaching has always been an important part of my academic duties. The interaction that I have with students is not only enjoyable to me, but it also gives me an invaluable perspective on the subjects I am teaching. Since I started my position at the Mathematical Institute at the University of Oxford, I have tutored in four classes across three semesters and supervised two projects, as detailed in my CV. I am also tutoring two new undergraduate classes in

Aging And Its Effects On Humans Essay - 1949 Words

Aging is a not well comprehended process that results in a progressive decline of cells, tissues and organisms until death. Aging is inevitable and influenced by our genetic makeup and environmental factors. Even though it seems impossible to prevent aging, scientists have been studying how to slow down the aging process. Indirect evidence shows that several phytochemicals found in plants can have longevity effects in certain microorganism, although no quality evidence for anti-aging effects on humans have been found. When we age, our body’s nutritional needs change. We tend to absorb nutrients less efficiently, which requires a higher intake of vitamins and minerals. Also, as we age, we start noticing how dietary choices from the past start to affect us when older (cancer, heart disease, metabolic syndrome and neural degeneration). Scientists have documented that when individuals age, body composition change as well (St-Onge). Studies found that adipose tissue increases and muscle mass decreases as we age (St-Onge). However, it is not clear how and why changes occur in our body. Scientists have been hypothesizing ways and pathways that could possibly stop or slow down the effects of age in our body. Some hypotheses for aging involve the body’s natural process of metabolism. We are constantly metabolizing the food we eat, the air we breathe and other vital functions, and some biochemical byproducts of our metabolism, such as free radicals, can affect our health. FreeShow MoreRelated HGH: Fountain of Youth? Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesHGH: Fountain of Youth? What is aging? It is a question that has been puzzling doctors for centuries. In a culture so obsessed with youth, it is not surprising that science asks this question often. It is also not surprising that the anti-aging product market is a booming multi-million dollar phenomenon. We will pay thousands for procedures that make us thinner, stronger, more full of energy and less wrinkled. The new emphasis of the advertising world is not just looking young, but feelingRead MoreAging And Its Effects On The Aging1360 Words   |  6 Pagescellular senescence or the population of a species, known as population ageing. This process primarily affects human beings and fungi. In humans, it signifies the accumulation of various changes which occur over time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very uncertain. Besides, there are several factors which predispose an individual to premature aging. Current theories suggest that this process occurs to due to cellular damage such as DNA oxidation by freeRead MoreEffects Of Aging On Aging And Aging1343 Words   |  6 Pagescellular senescence or the population of a species, known as population ageing. This process primarily affects human beings and fungi. In humans, it signifies the accumulation of various changes which occur over time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very uncertain. Besides, there are several factors which predispose an individual to premature aging. Current theories suggest that this process occurs to due to cellular damage such as DNA oxidation by freeRead MoreTreatment For Age Related Diseases1496 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of sarcopenia are identified as multifactorial (Egerman et al., 2015). The major elements that play a role in the progression of aging is the decline in satellite cell number, weakened satellite cell function, and the decrease in regenerative potential (Sinha et al., 2014). More specifically, TGF-ÃŽ ² family members are shown to indicate a correlation in aging and frailty. The main TGF-ÃŽ ² molecule is found located in the fibrosis of older tissue, and has also been established a muscle differentiationRead MoreIn Living Organisms, There Is A Common Process That Occurs,1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is known as aging. Aging is process that begins the day that we are born and only ends on the day that die (Woodrow, 2002). It involves gradual physical and psychological changes to the human body and mind, in addition to societal changes. Throughout one’s lifespan, adaptation plays a pivotal role in aging, as many are challenged with limitations throughout. In society today, it is common to hear people say that they want to age successfully and/or positively. Positive aging refers to feelingRead MoreAging Is A Process Of A Disease Based On Genetic Makeup ( Schneider )1206 Words   |  5 PagesAging is a process through which organism’s functionality decline systematically. The decrease in human organism is due to genetic cellular and molecular modifications. The level of changes on the longevity of the plant ca n affect it in several ways in a gradual process as the age progresses with time. According to Finch, the process of aging can also have a definition that it is the accumulation of underlying molecular errors (Finch,2007). These errors with time eventually corrupt the adult stemRead MoreAge Gracefully and Aging Beautifully1151 Words   |  5 PagesAging Is a Natural Process Aging is a natural process that everyone is subjected to. As a matter of fact, the aging process started kicking in the moment we were born. However, its unsightly effects are only felt when we start hitting middle age. Despite this, knowing what triggers the unwanted effects of aging and being aware of the right products can actually help you easily slow down or give the illusion that you have halted the aging process before its effects actually get on your nerves. ManyRead MoreEffects of Aging on Cognitive Development898 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Aging on Cognitive Development Daphney Walker PSYCH/640 May 5, 2014 Holly Berry Effects of Aging on Cognitive Development Aging is a natural process of life however, studies show that there are some age-related decline in cognitive development. As a person grows older some brain cell dies, shrink, or weaken and cause some decline in brain functions. Some cognitive processes include attention, working memory, long-term memory, perception, and executive control. The material willRead MoreSlowing the Biological Clock Essays1068 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung age because the effects of the care will have outcomes as the person ages. There are several contributing factors to speeding up the aging process such as, stress, vitamin and mineral deficiency, or excessive food intakes. Reducing and or limiting these factors can play a major role in how the body continues to age. As an individual age his or her body is more susceptible to natural ways of slowing the biological clock rather than non-natural ways of change. The aging process is something thatRead MoreThe Signs Of Aging And Aging858 Words   |  4 Page sWhen a person thinks of aging, they can think of many things, from a baby getting taller, to an older person growing gray hair. A person’s body changes constantly throughout the span of their life. There is no helping it. While most people think of a person getting older as a person getting wrinkles, losing hair, and becoming more fragile, there are actually many other affects than just those. There are visible effects, and effects that are not visible by just looking at someone. In this paper, both

Chaplin vs Buster Free Essays

Looking at Modern Times we see cater his act to the viewer. Pressured by the public to reflect social and political discrepancies of the world Charlie develops a topical approach to his art. Buster also developed his act to appeal to the masses as I will later discuss but when comparing our two films Charlie’s Modern Times Is the one which caters to both the social and political Issues of the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Chaplin vs Buster or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beyond the realm of film Charlie holds his own personal commentary about his world and the Issues faced as his book A Comedian Sees the World demonstrates. Still despite his views initially Charlie saw a clear separation between his art and politics. â€Å"Art is the treatment applied to work and has nothing to do with the subject matter. â€Å"2 Despite this by the mid sass it was not enough to be political yourself as an artist it was also expected to be seen in your art. It was following his world tour that he became more out spoken about the condition the Depression had left the world, and decided to give into outside pressures. Like other Charlie films the film Modern Times took straight from the textbook of Chaplain’s aesthetic contract where comedy, romance and pathos, would meet. As stated the difference between other early films by Charlie and Modern Times however were the topical allusions used. We can clearly see this in early scenes between the Electro Steel Company’s owner and his workers. The boss barks demands throughout the beginning and by the end of the sequence Charlie’s character ends up going mad from the oppressive nature of the work place. Another allusion is to link between poverty and crime as we see scenes of Charlie’s love interest stealing from the rich to feed both her and her struggling family. It is important to note however that Von Wigging’s essay notes that the combination of Chaplain’s aesthetic contract as well as, social and political realities was problematic. To him the film does not ring true to the woes of depression when contrasted with the optimism of a go lucky clown. Still this does not discount the topical allusions which were used throughout this film. Unlike Buster this film Is very much a commentary on the world around them. When looking at the gags done in Modern Times the sheer expressiveness of Charlie. Uses the silliness of things like body movements. You especially you can’t overlook the obvious facial movements of Charlie compared to the stone faced Buster. For example scenes like when Charlie is being force fed food are pleasurable because of his being over the top clearly contrast scenes in the General like when Buster no longer sees the train in front of him and gives slight facial movement and reaction. This is one of Busters most well know trademarks. Buster got his start in a family vaudeville act and would later grow to own his own production studio where he directed and starred in a number of films. The General is a classic chase film set during the Civil War. It recounts the story of a down on his luck train engineer who gets wrapped up in a daring rescue for the love of his life. Laura Macgregor notes in her paper and as I mentioned Buster Sexton’s â€Å"the General. † Buster Keating tries to appeal to sentiments of the time which called for greater realism in comedic gags. 4 If it couldn’t happen in real life then it was not real and Buster saw it as an â€Å"impossible gag. † So rather than fantastic gags he would work at keeping his gags realistic. Laura add that by utilizing the long shot with a long take Buster is able to show how authentic his stunts, like when he travels between train carts, can be. This makes the slapstick comedy more believable to the audience ember. One example of another realistic gag is when Buster’s character disguises his love as a sac of potatoes. After putting her on the train you catch shots of Buster wincing in pain as he watches soldiers continue loading. 5 This is contrasted with some of the gags in Charlie’s’ film Modern Times such as the scene when Charlie finds new employment only to mess up and accidentally cast off one of the ships or the scene where he is blind folded and roller skating a few floors up. Cartoonist scenes where Charlie is being rung through the inside of a machine would not hold true to he realism Buster was looking for. It is important to note that Buster did not simply deny suspending belief in all his films, rather he developed a comedic realism within his features in response to audience’s wants. To add to the authenticity Keating also believed things should be visually real. From costumes to the genuine armies of people Buster was committed. â€Å"In the general I took a page from history and I stuck to it in all detail. I staged exactly what happened. â€Å"6 Another technique used by Buster in the General, which Laura touches on, was to plant the gag alongside the narrative. Just as audiences called for comedic realism Laura claims audiences of the sass’s were looking for more sophisticated or complex comedic relief over what many would deem as simple slapstick comedy. † †¦ Almost all of the gags in The General serve similar double duty as gag and narrative element† 7 It is interesting because by doing so gags not only are used to expand on the story but become key in the development and cohesiveness of the film. Once again looking at the scene where Buster potato sacs his damsel the gag is clearly working on the bigger picture of getting them back to their allies. Without this gag the story can not move forward as smoothly. In comparison to more random scenes within Charlie’s’ Modern Times such as his roller skating scene within the department store. Though comedic it is not intertwined within the plot. To better entertain the public and though both films were not received well for various reasons they commit to growing within there art Just in different ways. Charlie’s pressures being that of representing daily life in the Depression while Buster is more concerned with appealing to audiences’ want for a more realistic performance. How to cite Chaplin vs Buster, Papers

A Research About Reasons free essay sample

Although you learnt it and it may be not a very hard word to recognize, you still cannot be able to speak that word out or write it down. It seems disappear mysteriously and never exists in your head. Vocabulary is a very important element within a language as the overwhelming majority of meaning is carried lexically. There are certainly other elements such as: grammar, stress, rhythm, intonation, tone of voice, pauses, hesitations or silences, not to mention the use of non-vocal phenomena: kinesics and proteomics features (Rosa M. . In my point of view, we cannot learn any languages without knowing the vocabulary of it. It is obviously that how we can express our statuses, our feelings and how we can communicate with no word even in speaking or writing. In 1990, MAC Scratchy stated, no matter how well the student learn the lessons grammar, no matter how successfully the sounds of LA are mastered, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in an LA Just cannot happen in any meaningful way. We will write a custom essay sample on A Research About Reasons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (LA-second language).Therefore, to find problems of being difficult to use vocabulary is one of the most necessary things to solve. Although the other factors are also important, vocabulary is definitely the first section which must be done well for learners. You must have been embarrassed at least once and felt stuck when o cannot speak the LA word out in public. So you have to replace it to another word that is not as excellent as the one before. Its all because you didnt remember that word. After reading this material, you will discover causes and solutions to defeat your vocabulary weakness.In general, the Solution for Using English Vocabulary in Speaking and Writing is completely useful for all high school students and nonprofessional English university students. However, the other university students can also apply this research in their study. As everybody seems to underestimate earning vocabulary, we usually think Just learn by heart and understand new words, thats enough. But it is wrong! Nowadays, when the standard of life is more and more increasing, people pay less attention into worrying about what to eat or what to wear anymore, conversely, they have turned to worry about their knowledge. Particularly, parents who want their children have the best education at school and they always attempt to do it, so learning second language should be a typical example of this tendency. Many years ago, Vietnamese started learning other languages like Chinese, French and above all others was English. Nevertheless, it was not popular as present and learners mainly taught themselves studying. Thank to modernization, newly imported cultures of foreign countries, we have more chance to approach and adapt it how to it becomes our advantages.Therefore, the government is trying to make LA become a criterion for citizen to raise our countrys position higher in the world. For that reason, learning other language is very essential and vocabulary should merely be taken heed the most. Lacking awareness about vocabulary importance is actually one main cause making us feel bored and hard to ND then they forget for a while. Because teachers also force them learn grammar by heart more, but require them to be good at both, Just learning and learning, they dont have time to acquire what they have Just learned.During the research process, I made a study of this and realize that there are more different methods to teach a student improve his or her learning skills. This will help us evaluate our ways to learn from the past until now, to find out which is good to develop it more and which is bad to stop and to erase from our habits. Students in Viet Name are almost good at rammer, yet they always feel they cant speak or write their LA frequently. Therefore, this research aims to a very cause vocabulary. After you improve your vocabulary knowledge, it is for sure you wont never fear this problem anymore.However, in spite of the importance of this element, vocabulary is often the least systematized and the most neglected of all the aspects of learning second language. For that reason, why do people underestimate vocabulary the English element? And How to change this thought of learners to improve their speaking and writing skills? Chapter 2: Literature Review Before we start finding the efficient ways to use vocabulary in speaking and writing, we need to clarify some questions, find out the main reason to solve it totally and then we will be better at these two skills. What is a vocabulary?According to the Collins Cobbled English Language Dictionary (1989: 1629), the vocabulary of a language is the total number of words in it and in the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (New Eighth Edition, 2012: 1722), is all the words that a person knows or uses. About word, it is defined, a single unit of language which means something and can be spoken or written. Some people sauntered between vocabulary and word, they think they are similar, but actually not. To simplify those definitions, we can understand that vocabulary is all of the words we know and use to communicate effectively.Some of them we use in speaking or learn from reading books, some we regions when listening from the others. There are two types of vocabulary: A. Use vocabulary (active vocabulary): words you can remember and use easily. Students learn vocabulary indirectly when they hear and see words used in many different contexts, for example, through conversations with adults, through being read to, B. Recognition vocabulary (passive vocabulary): words you knew in advance but for some reasons, its hard to spell or to pronounce correctly, and you need something remind.Students learn vocabulary directly when they are explicitly taught both individual words and word-learning strategies. In fact, the use vocabulary is as large as your recognition vocabulary and when you speak or write, you do not use as many words as when you recognize it from hearing and reading at all. This is information which tells us that if we can draw the recognition and the use one together, how remarkably our speaking and writing are improved! As a student, the researcher has been through many years at school, most vocabulary I learned and varied were from English textbook (grade 6 to grade 12).However, I actually could use half of them in practicing and all of my friends were the same with me or some were even worse. According to Beck McKeon in 1991 , Early vocabulary researchers reported figures ranging from 2,500 to 26,000 words in the vocabularies of typical grade 1 students and from 19,000 to 200,000 words for college graduate students. And in two decades ago, there was considerable consensus among researchers that students added approximately 2,000 to 3,500 extinct words yearly to t heir reading vocabularies (Anderson Nagy, 1992; Angling, 1993; Beck and Smoke, 1991; White et al. , 1990).At the present time, the vocabulary size of each student must have increasing that figure more and more thanks to the help of modern technology. This is right and wrong. Although students have varied their vocabulary greatly but they are hindered partly by tissues such as types of vocabularies being considered (e. G. Active and passive vocabulary). Moreover, students have more subjects to study and to be good at all that subjects either. They o not only learn by heart other subjects theories but they also have to acquire an amount of vocabularies and grammar structures which are their second language.Therefore, learning vocabulary may become a burden for almost students and they will be bored with foreign languages lessons. The importance of vocabulary Everybody knows vocabulary knowledge plays an essential part to have a good basement when he or she learns a new language. Because it is obviously that without a basic amount of vocabulary, you cannot study language of any country well even if you are really good at its grammar. In 1997, Ellis stated, knowing the words in a piece of discourse facilitates understanding which in turn allows the grammatical patterning to become more transparent. However, course books and teachers try to focus on grammar and make it become more important than the other elements. Additionally, foreigners can catch your speech with an imperfect grammar and an enough known vocabulary. But not many people get this point, they try to study hard in grammar skill, as the results, there are many people who learn vocabulary, still underestimate the importance of it. Students need both of a great many words in heir vocabularies and the ability to use various strategies to establish t he meaning of new words when they encounter them (Fran L. , Jean O. ND Alfred H. ) Knowing a lot of words is good but not enough, all of it will be useless if you cant be able to use it appropriately and effectively. Think about some practical cases like when you want to write or speak an interesting sentence in your writing or your speech and you try to find the best word to apply in that sentence because you cant find out or cant remember it. Cannot find it out: you didnt know that word; Cannot remember it: you re lack of ability to use it immediately. Even if your grammar structure of this sentence is excellent, do not have vocabulary it still have nothing.As McCarthy stated, , No matter how well the student learn the lessons grammar, no matter how successfully the sounds of LA are mastered, without words to express a wide range of Scratchy is the author who did many researches about the importance level of vocabulary, and this status above surely prove that words of LA is the most necessary element for every learners. Thus, I believe that we should raise the awareness of students about the importance of vocabulary. And then when students aware by themselves, they can easily improve this element and have their own motivation to learn how to use it in any situation effectively.Word Poverty Main reason causing difficulties in our speaking and writing A. Word poverty: Researcher Louisa Moats refers to the gap in word knowledge between advantaged and disadvantaged children as word poverty. In her study of the language abilities of kindergarten students in a large city district, Moat found that many children were unable to name pictures that showed the meanings of words such as sewing or parachute. (Moats, 2001) It is clear that learning vocabulary is not Just about memorizing lists of words, but it also depends on methods of each learner so that they will be good or bad at their study.For that reason, vocabulary is a main root of a studying new language process, if the root is not healthy and weak, i ts tree-truck definitely will be wheeling and underdeveloped. It is the same with learners who are easily distracted or they approach their second language in a wrong way. Like the research above, children and students learn a numerous new words everyday but when they are asked about any word of their vocabulary knowledge, hey may not remember it. Most cases have started in learning vocabulary which is the first important mile, there have different levels to divide learners into different types of Word Poverty.B. Level 1 inappropriate vocabulary: using vocabulary incorrectly in given situations such as speaking or writing. This level is not too bad, those students have relative knowledge of vocabulary. However, English is a various language for learners to totally understand and acquire it, it is very difficult to get all principles of it. Therefore, in some circumstances, learners can make mistakes and apply the word in wrong position. For instance, right/left are normally used for indicating direction, but these words will not be appropriate on a ship, according to the Nautical Terms, right/left must be starboard/port.Level 2 wrong level of formality. This common error can occur to any learner. We usually use conversational English in spite of academic English in formal situations, because its hard for us to choose right words to apply our utterances or our speeches. An typical example is sit down in informal situation and be seated, ladies and gentlemen of formality. Level 3 meaningless vocabulary. There are some learners use words in a sentence improperly for two reasons. First, they translate it word to word by their mother tongue; second, they misunderstand its meaning without looking up in dictionary.The worse things are wrong grammar forms, wrong spelling or pronunciation. Word poverty will affect your speaking and writing very much if you dont change this now. Lack of vocabulary or using it illogically obviously will make your speech or your writing underestimated. Vocabulary Development Building vocabulary is a powerful way to enhance your life and career. Because articulator situations in which the learner finds himself, or might find himself, according to Wallace (1988: 16). 1. How to improve and expand vocabulary of your own. There are many ways helping you develop your vocabulary knowledge.Nevertheless, because of so many methods and so much direction which make you feel confusing to choose, in this research, I gladly give you the most six effective approaches to enhance your vocabulary. 1. Keep Learning New Words This is the great technique which many people use to develop their vocabulary knowledge. You must have known about the technique, it has one only rule: have to earn at least a word a day. Thus, if you count these numbers of words you have learnt over a years, it will support you a lot of words. Moreover, you will be more responsible for your study. . In the book Learning English Effectively, Nagyn Too Sins M. A in Bowie State University, Maryland gives us a very new ways to learn vocabulary which bases on the traditional one. He named it Percentage Formula, this method emphasizes that although there are a great amount of new words you try to learn, you also forget some of the so many words. Main reason is your brain always accounts some percentages of the total vocabulary you have Just learnt. Do not believe in the ability of memorizing of your brain totally, but cooperate with it wisely.For example, you learn 10 words a day, if you forget 20% of them, you will remember 8 words. With someone learns 15 words, if he forget 15%, he still remain 10 words. Compare with the one who learn 10 and who learn 15 words, you can realize that the more new words we learn, the less words we will miss due to the discount of your brain. Similarly, if you learn 20 and forget 40%, you will remember 12 of those words; hen you try to learn 30 or 40 words per day and you may even loose 50 or 60%, you still get 15 and 16 words in your memory. . Keep a vocabulary notebook of your own is also a good way to learn new words. Wherever you are, if you suddenly discover a strange or interesting word, you can write it down in you notebook. Obviously, you must decide what words to put in and what to say about them. Should you translate them, give definitions, give grammatical information? The decision is yours. Remy and Richard, More Than Words). 1. 2 Independent Learning This technique is probably the most efficient for learners in their long run of tidying a new language.Because it is sure that we are always apply what teacher taught us effectively, sometimes what we are self-learned is more easier for us to apply. Villa Goodies suggested five ways to study vocabulary in context: Jigsaw Readings, Guessing Meaning, Narrow Reading, Conversation, Concordance Lines. These are suitable ways to improve your vocabulary knowledge at home. He also noted that Repetition is really important for learners to do some activities so that we can remember the new words for a long time. 1. 3 Use Various Techniques (Multiple Techniques)There are some techniques such as dictionary work, word unit analysis, mnemonic devices, semantic elaboration, collocations and lexical phrases, oral production. However, if you think these ways are too complex to apply in your study, Entertainment is also a tool for both studying and relaxing, you can learn vocabularies by foreign films, songs, games.. . Reading famous novels or books can As normally, we use dictionary to look up a new word, but it is not enough for taking full advantage of it. You must have your own dictionary which depends on your currently English level.Then circle the words you look up and it is necessary to read the entire for the word you will check. One more thing is Be Aware of Words. Some people read a lot to expand their vocabulary knowledge, but they are told having a small amount of vocabularies. It is because you are not really aware of the new and hard words when you read, so you skip it. This will not give you a good result although you have been reading all the time. 1. 5 Motivation This definition is quite abstract but very essential for learners who are studying a new language.The most important factor is a successful vocabulary building tool. It is clear that without motivation, your work will not be done well or if the work can be completed, it absolutely will have no effect. Thus, when you determine what your purpose and your motivation are, I know you can enhance your vocabulary as far as you want. Vocabulary is totally an essential part of learning English. Thus, when students can control and keep expanding their knowledge of it every day, there is no door to be less confident of practicing Speaking and Writing skills anymore.Chapter 3: Methodology Subject: It is Junior high school students, and university students who dont major in English. They are almost good at grammar but lack of vocabulary which is the main reason why they can speak and write English well. These learners are the very important human resources of our country in future and their second language is good or not which will affect their future Jobs very much. Therefore, I made up my mind to choose them are my objectives. There has the same character about the researchs subjects, that is almost them take care of their second language English.Research procedure: After observing and discovering weaknesses of students about their second language-English in general. Particularly in newspaper, television news, social network pages,.. And by my friends, my acquaintances. I realized a big gap of learning English which is underestimated by most students, vocabulary knowledge. Then, I made a research and collected information about this problem from books, Internet, statistics As a result, I decided to survey a number of students in my area, The; D(RCA district, Hippie Bin high school and another number of nonprofessional English students in HÂ ¶Eng BEng University.Because these two subjects are familiar to me, they are also easy for me to survey and analyze my research. After I had the result of what I had studied, I found main reasons causing difficulties for students when they write or speak English. By particular numbers and statistics I surveyed, it proved what I had mentioned before is right. Next, I drew all information from the materials and my own experiences together, then, I made a list of tips for learners to use vocabulary more effective in speaking and writing.Sample selection: The sample technique I used to support my research is Stratified Sample. As I nonprofessional English students in university, I decided to choose my school, HÂ ¶Eng BEng University and Hippie Bin high school which I used to study at in order to carried out my research. In HÂ ¶Eng BEng University, I focus on faculties taking more interest in learning English such as business administration, information technology, finance banking, foreign relationship. In Hippie Bin high school, I made a survey with advanced classes and normal classes.Sample techniques: Stratified Sample method which is dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting from among these subgroups. In this direction, I followed two important criteria, materials and method. My primary materials I used to support the research are my computer with Microsoft Excel, I chose this software to help me draw diagram more exactly and clearly; a questionnaire I made by myself with eight questions; a mathematical model is my calculator; especially is my real subjects, the students at school, without them, my research paper would be meaningless and valueless.Data collection: Through a process, I collected much information and I did surveys by myself which I use to support my research. Therefore, my data has a clear origin and it is valuable. The way I selected and collected my data is quite simple. After searching for many sources related to my topic, I went on carrying out some analyses by questionnaire, tests, observation,.. . In order to make clear problems and find the best solutions for it. The locations where took place my surveys were HÂ ¶Eng BEng university and Hippie Bin high school.Consequently, almost all objectives take their interest in my research (94. 4%). There are more than 75% who also agree the main reason causing difficulties in their speaking and writing skills is Lack of Vocabulary. And there are more than 80% people think their two skills will be nearly perfect if they improve the vocabulary knowledge. Reliability and Validity: My research paper is mainly for high school students and nonprofessional English students at university, but it can also inspire the other levels of learners.First, the validity of my researchs results and applicability is suitable and general for every learner because its particular objectives are Just a manner so that I can take more focus on and narrow my topic. For that reason, there is not only high school or nonprofessional English students can approach this research, but there are also appropriate for secondary students or advanced English students whoever has the name trouble at his speaking and writing skills. Second, this is an issue of our national education now.When students are very good at English grammar and others elements, but they cannot apply it on practice and real situations. So the research will be useful for numerous learners in our country, and it will help them a good direction in their studying. About the reliability, I make sure t hat my research paper is trustworthy. Because I did it by my best and my real ability. Sources, books, websites, and surveys are on the research which proved that it is totally from my studying process.Finally, if you depend on the results and the capability, you will realize my new ideas and easily apply in reality. Obviously in English, speaking and writing is two factors which every learner want to be good at the most. However, to be master these factors, there are some elements that the learners must control well like vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar And the result below will show you what high school and nonprofessional English university students think about their two skills. [pick] With the question, Are you good at these two skills? (speaking and writing skills), he majority of students choose so so as their final answer. There are 66,7% high school students and 50% university students who feel they are at average of speaking and writing English. Especially in the yes button answer, there are 25% high school students think they can control these skills, in the contrary, no university student is confident that they are good at both. You can see in the diagram, half of university students are so so and the other half totally think they speak and write English badly.Meanwhile, there are Just 8. 3% high school students less confidence of speaking and writing English. What is the reason why they cannot remember the word that they used to know or read before when they need it? Relating to the result above, the very annoying trouble which students meet is they are usually stuck when speaking and writing English sentence because of not knowing how to describe it by vocabulary. [pick] There are High school students and total nonprofessional English university students admit their weakness.However, some high school students can overcome this difficulty with 16,7% of them. The first and second diagram can be explained the reason why not all students easily say they are good at Speaking and Writing skills UT half of them think they are so so and there are even worse because of 50% say- no university students. The cause is only for lacking Vocabulary. Majority of students English, they know about grammar and some rules of it but lack of words makes them lessen their confidence and also feel hard to practice the skills.With the big number of nonprofession al English university students, who entirely answer no toward being good at Speaking and Writing skill, because there are many factors effecting them at the high education school university. Vocabulary knowledge is an essential element f learning this foreign language but there are more other fundamentals they need to concern either. At this position of university students, they realize grammar and rules that are Just a part not whole learning English. Next diagram and statistical numbers below will show the elements effecting learners when they study English. pick] There are five main factors in learning English, they are Vocabulary, Grammar, Pronunciation, Stress, Intonation and some extra features. At the first sight, we can find out the strongest influent element which was chosen by students at high school and University, that is Lack of Vocabulary. With 75% and 88. 9% of high school and university students choices, this percentage shows that almost students are aware of their knowledge of vocabulary. They know and understand about the element effects on their English studying time, because Vocabulary is the most basic thing when you learn a language.

Anorexia Nervosa Signs, Effects and Therapies

Anorexia Nervosa Signs, Effects and Therapies Introduction Anorexia nervosa is a nutritional disorder depicted by excessive food constraint, unfounded phobia of weight gain and negative physical self-perception (Brown Isaacs, 2008). It involves extreme loss of weight and is more prevalent in females than in males. People with this disorder often limit their intake of food resulting in acute hormonal as well as metabolic maladies. Anorexia is particularly life-threatening for pregnant mothers and their unborn children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Anorexia Nervosa: Signs, Effects and Therapies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper looks at the signs of anorexia nervosa, its effects on pregnant mothers and delivery, as well as the nutritional therapies for patients suffering from anorexia. It also recommends healthcare professionals who should be incorporated in the treatment process. Signs of Anorexia Nervosa The indications of people suffering from ano rexia include constipation, laziness, fatigue, drowsiness, headaches, brittle nails, and dizziness (Abraham, 2008). It is also characterized by osteoporosis, which may bring about fractured bones. The most frequent causes of death in anorexia include electrolyte and body fluid disproportions, suicide and cardiac arrest. Many cases of anorexia are accompanied by psychiatric and physical disorders such as drug and substance abuse, neurological complications, anxiety, depression, cardiovascular complications, and obsessive behavior. Anorexia, Pregnancy and Childbirth Generally, pregnant women possess an inflated sensitivity to variations in the shapes of their bodies. For people suffering from anorexia, the elevation of the sensitivity can result in fatal actions such as starvation or purging (Ross, McMahon Bernstein 2013). Anorexia poses a risk to the pregnancy since the mother does not consume the required nutrients. A clear sign or anorexia in expectant mothers is failure to gain 2 5 to 35 pounds during pregnancy or acute hyperemesis. Most purging pregnant mothers hide their condition by attributing the vomiting to morning sickness. Dangers of Anorexia to Pregnancy and Delivery Anorexia causes difficulties during pregnancy and may necessitate delivery through cesarian section, breech delivery and the use of forceps. Nurses in the Labor and Delivery health department should identify the signs of anorexia early enough and should be prepared for any complications.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mother’s eating disorder impedes the birth weight of the fetus. Anorexia during pregnancy may also lead to an infant with poor health (may show retarded growth and vitamin deficiency). Other dangers posed by anorexia in pregnant women include infant mortality, premature labor, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, respiratory complications, preeclamp sia, and miscarriages (Bothamley Boyle, 2009). Nutritional Therapies used in Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Therapy for pregnant women with anorexia includes the restoration of the patients’ weight, handling the psychological issues linked with anorexia nervosa, getting rid of deliberations or actions that cause the disorder, and prevention of a relapse (Price, 2007). Nutritional supplements can be given to the patient besides a properly supervised diet. To do this effectively, nurses in the Labor and Delivery unit need to incorporate the services of other health professionals in psychotherapy and treatment. Health Care Professionals Recommended for the Treatment To deal with anorexia in pregnant women, the services of certified mental health care providers are required. Different procedures of group and individual psychotherapy are required to deal with the psychological causes of the disorder. Family members may also be incorporated into the therapy sessions since they cont ribute partially to the disorder. Physicians and assistant physicians should be contacted to ascertain the physical implications of the disorder on the mother and the fetus. Due to the essential nutritional demands of pregnancy and childbirth, the services of dietitians are significant as they can recommend alternative sources of nutrition to help the mother gain the required weight. Conclusion Though all people with anorexia need treatment, pregnant mothers are the most vulnerable due to the risks posed by such nutritional deficiency on the mother and child. Nurses in the labor and delivery units need to be trained on the proper way of diagnosing and handling anorexia patients to reduce cases of infant mortality. A combination of medical attention and accommodating psychotherapy is the most efficient form of treatment in anorexia nervosa. References Abraham, S. (2008). Eating disorders. New York: Oxford University Press. Bothamley, J. Boyle, M. (2009). Medical conditions affecting pregnancy and childbirth. United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Anorexia Nervosa: Signs, Effects and Therapies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brown, J. Isaacs, J. (2008). Nutrition through the life cycle. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Price, S. (2007). Mental health in pregnancy and childbirth. USA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Ross, D., McMahon, K., Bernstein, M. (2013). Discovering nutrition. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Swatting Should I Care Professor Ramos Blog

Swatting Should I Care Have you heard of the incident where the guy that died at his doorstep from the police and he wasn’t even armed? Did you know he was an innocent, unarmed father? He died from a hoax emergency call that has become a new trend known as swatting. Pranksters wanted payback on the other guy that was beating him on the game ‘Call of Duty.’ That guy was Andrew Finch he wasn’t even involved with video games; he was just a father of two young kids. Swatting is a hoax phone call to emergency services with an extreme, violent fake story to send police forces to raid the victims house. There are a tremendous amount of swatting incident, that same of the victim that have been swatted don’t want to come out on camera to avoid being a target again. There have been also swatters that have been caught and most of them are paying the price. Sending out the swat team cost around $10,000 for the equipment trucks itself. Do to the fact that most of the swatters are out o f state and are international swatting isn’t a big deal for them. For example, ‘obnoxious’ was a swatter that targeted female twitch streamers but was from Canada and a minor. Most of the bills that have passed have been only when the swatting has already occurred. In order to combat swatting the government should pass laws that would try swatters. The most targeted people that swatters go after, celebrity’s, streamers, female teens and gamers. U.S. Rep. Katherina Clark saw swatting being an issue after the fact that Matthew Weignman and similar hackers would us the swat team as their toys. U.S. Rep Ted Lieu would also see swatting as a problem do to the fact of celebrity’s were having their houses raid from swat team because of Mir Islam targeting them. Those two states have passed a bill against swatting but the other states are not informed on the issue and until something drastically happens they’ll do something about it. Eric Brumfield has mentioned in his article that â€Å"there have been more than 400 swatting call nationwide.† (Brumfield) I agree that there’s been more than 400 swatting calls including the recent one that happen on July 15 in California. FouseyTube is a Arab YouTuber that has created prank back in 2015 then moved onto vlogs. Recently he decided to renovate the Hollywo od Bowl but was shut down over a hoax call saying there’s a bomb treat. It’s still a problem that people that go online know about it. The most serious case was on a swatter name obnoxious a 15-year-old that was lived in Canada. FBI Finley would discover ‘obnoxious’ location but wasn’t able to fly to his location to arrest him including the fact that his a minor and Canada has different laws there then here. Obnoxious was arrested multiple time only to be released on bail as Canada didn’t see swatting as a crime. The fact that other countries have not really in countered with swatting as much as the U.S has it doesn’t matter to them. That’s why I would propose a law that would let swatters to be sent to the U.S to be tried in court for the crimes that they caused making hoax emergency calls. A swatter perspective they see swatting as a joke that get a laugh about the situation leaving a mark like â€Å"don’t fuck with me because I know where you live†. Its intimidating that the swatter gets to play with law enforcement that an actual problem can be going on. The government should see this as a problem as it happened more than 400 times and just to deploy the swat cost $10,000. According to Danny Gold a journalist from Vice News that interviewed Sgt. Edward Ciempola. U.S. Rep Katerina Clark proposed the ‘Interstate Swatting Hoax Act’ against swatting being the consequences very severe. Stating in Sec.2 1041, 1-4 that the suspect can be fined or imprisoned no more than 5 years or less, if the victim results bodily injured the suspect would serve 20 years or less, if a result in death the suspect can result to life in prison. But who really cares? Who besides me and a handful of swat members have a stake in these claims? At very least, the agents who formally believed that swatters should be extradition to the state that are causing problems too. Minor in particular should be trialed as adults as they to cost the state, the police forces thousands. Annotated bib Using the ‘Interstate Swatting Hoax Act’ has given me a better understanding of the bill that was passed in Massachusetts. U.S Rep Katherina Clark was really ferrous when being swatted that really punishes these swatters. Rep. Clark, Katherina, â€Å"Interstate Swatting Hoax Act† ‘congress gov’ (11/18/2015) https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/4057/text Vice News goes over swatting very will interviewing Sgt. Edward Ciempola of how swat take their job very seriously as no one knows is it’s a real problem or a hoax. They also have evidence of how a swatter would call the police and how violent they sounded. Gold, Danny â€Å"Police Militarization meets Hacker Culture: Swatting† Vice News (Jun 5, 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ziLjOPCQwgt=64s Brumfield give main point of how to stop swatting of much the cost is and the statistics of how many times it has occurred. Actually using legal background of whats a already a crime that can relate to swatting and on why it would be taken seriously. Brumfield, Eric, â€Å"Chapter 284: Deterring and Paying for Prank 911 Calls That Generate a Swat Team Response.† 45 McGeorge L. Rev. 585 (2014). ‘Swatting’ and Punishment is a informative new article that summarizes Kansas incident. Using Katherine Clark bill of how she dealing with swatting in Massachusetts with extreme consequences. The author also explains how the police officer was in the wrong for jumping on the trigger to fast. But yet again the call that was made was really bad that the officers were dealing with a big threat. â€Å"Swatting’ and Punishment.† Los Angeles Times, 04 Jan, 2018, pp.A.8 SIRS Issues Rearchers, https://sks.sirs.com

The Dance Class by Edgar Degas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Dance Class by Edgar Degas - Essay Example Edgar paid more attention to color in the painting The Dance Class by expressing the tutus and motions of the ballet dancers. The picture is well enveloped by the ceiling, and the space of the painting is expanded by using the oblique point of view. The ballet teacher who happens to be a real character is standing in the middle of the class and some of the ballerinas are facing him while practicing. Ballerinas see each other busy with their practice and other activities involved in a ballet class. The painting gives us a striking balance between the inelegancy of the ballet in wait and the glamour of the dancing ballerinas. There is also the floor and wall colors that make the painting complete, more dazzling and suitable for the painting. The painting is The Dance Class, it was made in 1873 by Edgar Degas. The artist has defined the image through the shading of those forms dark to light with the hope that they infuse the scenes with immediacy.Edgar used dazzling colors, which are we ll distributed in the painting. The main colors used include red, white, grey, yellow, blue, green, black and brown. The colors saturation was well painted depending on the color intensity. The red was fire red in all characters of the painting. Each color represents a deep meaning to the painting, they are all symbolic to the painter and the people who appreciate art. The texture of the paint is rough yet very appropriate for this particular work. There are brushstrokes at the edges of the paintings.

Federal elections and policy implications in 2012 Research Paper

Federal elections and policy implications in 2012 - Research Paper Example There are often different types of federal policies in the United States. These policies are usually subdivided according to the subject matter. The policy issues Almanac provides the background upon which information, links, and archived documents to cardinal America’s public policy issues are organized and categorized (Gleick, Christian-Smith, and Cooley 13). The United States has divided its public policies into nine categories: †¢ Criminal justice that include death penalties, drug policies, and gun controls †¢ Cultural and social policies including abortion, art, and civil rights †¢ Economic affairs policies that include taxes and budgets †¢ Education policies that incorporate elementary, secondary, and higher education †¢ Environmental policies that concentrate on global warming and quality of air †¢ Government operation policies that govern the campaign financing reforms and the privatization †¢ Health care policies that include health insurance and Medicare †¢ Social welfare policy that deals with social security and welfare †¢ Foreign affairs and national security policies that govern spending on the national defense ... Notably, during the 2007 elections, president Obama promised much on the economic recovery. At the end of his first tenure, it seems that he did not deliver fully as he had promised and the economy that was affected by Bush policies and administrations still moved to the worse. These facts have made the economic affair policy environment  quite volatile for either party (Coleman 127). Regardless of who could have won the 2012 presidential elections, the economic affair policy environment still remains heated. Additionally, the health policy was also a significant issue in the 2012 presidential campaigns. Despite the differences in opinions concerning the appropriate health care policies to be enacted, at some point Mitt Romney at one point agreed with some elements of the Obamacare (Gleick, Christian-Smith, and Cooley 21). Regardless of these agreements in opinions, the health affairs policy environment also remained a heated campaign throughout the campaign period. Other policies were viewed as one party or presidential aspirants show. For instance, president Obama mainly addressed the cultural and society policy on same sex marriage. Regardless some significant policies were not given concentration  they deserved. For instance, the environment policy is a radical policy that not only threatens United States but the entire globe. The environmental policies are the concerns of the citizens since from the 2008 election campaigns; it seemed the sure way of providing the cheap energy alternative (Gleick, Christian-Smith, and Cooley 54). The 2008 presidential campaign captured the attention of numerous Americans since the â€Å"DRILL, baby, drill† promised Americans cheap and reliable energy that was to be produced at home rather

Applications of Machiavelli Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applications of Machiavelli - Term Paper Example In this paper, I will look at the application of Machiavelli philosophy into Macy’s and Apo’s Inc. Power as applied to Macy’s and Apo’s The corporate scandals are very common in modern business world. These scandals have aversely affected the business performance. The scandals have led to the loss of revenues and a negative impact on the economy in the long run. These effects can be ascribed to corporate irresponsibility among the leadership. The application of Machiavelli can be related to the current power tussles in the corporations. Corporate leaders can be related to the prince in the work of Machiavelli. Matters related to power have been a source of conflict among the leaders in corporations (Machiavelli, 44). The Machiavelli principles on power and leadership have been used in applying in exercising power by leaders in the corporate world. According to Machiavelli, one can work with moral means and only resort to immoral means when circumstances de mand so. This was evidenced in the recent legal tussle between the Macy’s and Apo’s inc. versus J.C Penny in the Martha Stewart courtroom tussle. In the case, Macy’s and Apo’s were in a legal tussle to fight over the right to control Martha Stewart. This was a battle of power in which the corporation wanted to retain the right to continue being the sole distributor of Martha Stewart. In this tussle, the struggle for power and dominance is evident. Each side wants to have the exclusive rights which would enable them have high sales (Machiavelli, 46). According to work by Machiavelli, the original Machiavelli ruler had to exercise virtu which meant that he was having inner strength, shrewdness and decisiveness. This could be used to gain power, glory, security and expansion. This is evident in the court tussles over dominance (Karen). Every corporation wants to have the power to dominate the other. This is mostly done through shrewd deals which gives exclus ive rights to an individual corporation. To be successful, one has to choose the Machiavellian virtuous life. Choosing the Machiavellian life comes with its won challenges related to corruption and power tussles. Liberty according to Machiavelli comes from adoption of the virtuous or the Machiavellians life by everyone (Machiavelli, 50). Corruption Corruption is always present in human beings according to Machiavelli. Self interest is always placed above the interest of public by the leaders. There have been cases of corruption that have been exposed in Macy’s and Apo’s. In the year 2012, corruption and unethical dealing was unearthed from the corporation’s documents. One of such cases is the fixing of their competitors in unethical means to gain competitive advantage. This was done when the company accused Goodfellas of selling counterfeit merchandise and goods stolen from Macy’s. The corporation even went a step further to make sure it severed Goodfella s market by informing the retailers who had their contracts that Goodfellas were selling counterfeits goods. This is not only unethical but unfair competition based on power and greed. The power was being abused by Macy’s and Apo’s against the citizens and their competitors. In some cases, the abuse of power is kept in secrecy, and only the corporation knows about it. In the case of Macy’s and Apo’s, they employed private investigators in order to frame Goodfellas (Association Of Truth). There were

Impact of Brexit and US on NATO

Impact of Brexit and US on NATO NATO Origin, membership, roles The Brussels Treaty of 1948 marked the first step in the creation of the North Atlantic Alliance, culminating in April 1949[1] with the signature of the Treaty of Washington. The outcome of that Treaty was a joint security system among 12 countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO is an intergovernmental political and military alliance of collective defence, through which its 28 member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. Moreover, 23 other countries cooperate through NATO Partnership for Peace program which began in 1991. Seeking to stabilize the Middle East, in 1994 The Alliance launched the Mediterranean Dialogue with Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. In 2004 NATO began the Istanbul Cooperation Initiative with four countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Ar ab Emirates. Finally, NATO cooperates in joint security issues with five countries in Asia, Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mongolia and New Zealand, and two in the Middle East, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Until the Korean War, NATO was predominantly a political organization. Following the war an integrated military framework was established under the command of two US supreme commanders. To prevent a nuclear war, the Alliance expanded its mission and adopted the Massive Retaliation policy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it conducted a series of military interventions in Bosnia in 1992 and later in 1999 in Kosovo. Politically, the organization sought better relations with former Warsaw Pact countries, several of which joined the alliance in 1999, 2004 and 2009. Since then the Alliance has performed a variety of additional roles, such as providing trainers to Iraq and Afghanistan, assisting in counter-piracy operations[2] as well as imposing a non-fly zone over Libya based on UNSC Resolution 1973. Member states’ view of the institution, impact of BREXIT and US pivot Member states’ view of the institution ‟Support for NATO is widespread among member nations†, is the conclusion of the Spring 2016 Global Attitudes Survey.[3] This survey, held by Pew Research Center included nine EU countries such as the Netherland, Poland, UK, Italy, Germany, Hungary, France, Spain and Greece, as well as the U.S. and Canada, finds mostly positive views of the Organization. Around 57% of them expressed positive opinions of the Alliance, with only 27% of them voicing negative views. The strongest support for the alliance comes from the Netherland and Poland while Greece appears to be the most critical NATO member. Even though Mr. Trump the Republican presidential nominee at that time, has regarded NATO as being obsolete, when asked if being a member of the post-World War II security alliance was good or bad for the U.S., 77% responded yes, while only 16% expressed negative views. However, regardless of increasing security threats, most member states surveyed remain reluctant to increase their countries’ defense spending. Around 32% of the members surveyed say their country’s military spending should be boosted, nearly 47% of them favor continuing with the same spending and only 14% say their military spending should decrease. Notwithstanding, growing tensions with Russia over the conflict in Ukraine, the alliance members polled remain divided on ‟whether their countries should provide military support to an ally if it got into a military conflict with Russia†.[4] Approximately 48% among eight NATO countries favored their country providing military support to defend allies, and 42% across the eight members opposed the use of force. Impact of BREXIT and US pivot Although we have heard much about the political and economic consequences from BREXIT, there are insufficient arguments about its security and geopolitical fallout. Even though in the short run there might not be any negative impact, there are reasonable concerns about Brexit’s impact on NATO in the long run. Among many convinced Europeanists there is a group of far-right parties, in France, Slovakia, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy and elsewhere which not only are anti-European, xenophobic and profoundly anti-American, but they are great sympathizers of Putin’s authoritarian regime. If those parties come into power, it might fluctuate the politics of their countries against NATO, and destruct the alliance from providing security within and beyond its borders. Another reason for concern might be the emerging prospect of Scotland’s secession and an uncertain future of Northern Ireland which might cause the UK to be more isolationists and less militarily engaged. Brexit might impact the future of military cooperation between France and Britain, two European NATO members with the largest military firepower, regarded as the engine of Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union. With the UK leaving the Union, if not impossible it will become distant, and in the coming years the responsibility for European security will immensely rest on NATO. On the other hand, maintaining NATO’s coherence and operational effectiveness lies to a great degree on America. Recently, Washington has made it clear that it expects member countries to spend more in defense and is urging the European Union to take a leading role in crisis management and decrease its dependence on the U.S. During his electoral campaign president Donald Trump dismissed NATO as ‟obsolete†, while his Secretary of State James Mattis told NATO defence ministers in Brussels that ‟Americans cannot care more for your children’s future security than you do†[5]. However, at the Security Conference, held from 17-19 February 2017 in Munich, the US Vice President, Michael   Pence seemed to reaffirm Alliance members that the US would remain committed to â€Å"continue to hold Russia accountable†[6] for its illegal actions in Crimea and Ukraine. Approach to the risks and effectiveness of that approach: Russia NATO began to interact with Russia in 1991, when Russia became member of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council and later in 1994 member of the Partnership for Peace programme. However it was NATO-Russia Founding Act of 1997 which defined the formal foundation for future relations. For more than 25 five years, NATO has attempted to develop a partnership with Russia, building dialogue and reasonable cooperation in fields of common interest. Such dialogue and cooperation culminated with the foundation of the NATO-Russia Council (NRC) in 2002, which served as a consultation forum for security issues and cooperation in a wide span of fields. Formal meetings of the NRC and cooperation have been suspended until spring 2009, in response to Russia’s military intervention in August 2008 in Georgia. The Alliance persistently has required from Russia to reverse its recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states. Russian aggression in Ukraine led to suspension of all civilian and military cooperation of the NRC in April 2014. However, channels of political dialogue and military communication remain open. During the Wales Summit in September 2014, NATO leaders condemned Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine and demanded that Russia comply with international law and its international obligations and responsibilities.[7] NATO remains concerned about Russia’s increased and destabilizing pattern of military activities along NATO borders as well as aggressive rhetoric, which make the security environment unstable and unpredictable. The Alliance and Russia have deep and continuous discrepancies; yet, NATO does not strive for confrontation and does not represent threat to Russia. Terrorism International terrorism we currently face, presents a complex, perpetual threat that demands for an all-inclusive, multidimensional strategic approach which encompasses NATO as well. The early debate on NATOs proper counterterrorism roles and missions mirrored two approaches: the war approach adopted predominantly by the United States and the risk-management approach, supported by many European Allies. These Allies see the war approach as unsuitable, because terrorism cannot be defeated unless its root causes are being addressed; which for them cannot be done by military means. The war approach has the tendency to employ a strategy that stresses offensive and preventive measures, while the risk-management approach has the tendency to call for more defensive measures. Therefore, an effective counter-terrorism approach must encompass elements of both strategies. Regardless of these discrepancies all allies are in unison about the danger posed by terrorism and have decided to face it. Following the attacks on the Twin Towers, the NATO allies for the first time invoked Article 5 of the Washington Treaty; the collective defense clause[8] by deploying troops in Afghanistan under the NATO-led ISAF. Meanwhile, immediately after 11 September 2001, NATO changed almost in a radical manner its strategic priorities and geopolitical vision, in order to adapt the organization and its member states to the nature of the threat. The fundamental approach, defined in NATOs military concept for defence against terrorism, encompasses four components: anti terrorism defensive measures; consequence management; counter terrorism offensive measures; and military co-operation to include partners, and international organizations such as the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the European Union.[9] Through its programme of exercises, NATO play a key role in training for fighting terrorism which offers unique opportunities for integrated civil-military operations to counter terrorist attacks. Alliance also plays a substantial early warning role through. Operation Active Endeavour[10], with its unique capabilities for aircraft and missile early warning. In terms of consequence management, NATO provides unique support capabilities to face the consequences of a terrorist attack, through its Euro-Disaster Response Coordination Centre[11]. Moreover, Alliance is well-suited to play a preventive role by providing its assets such as AWACS aircraft, maritime patrols and CBRN defence capabilities. A good example to be mentioned is the support given to Greece during the Olympic and Paralympics Games. Contribution to the global approach by the Alliance on fighting against terrorism was articulated openly in the NATO CT Policy Guidelines, endorsed at the Chicago Summit of 2012.[12] Two years later, on May 2014, NATO approved an Action Plan which defines the tasks and assigns responsibilities based on the policy guidance.[13] Refugees ⠁„ illegal migration The refugee and migrant crisis of the recent years is by all means the worst humanitarian crisis Europe has faced after the World War Two. Challenges in the European neighborhoods coming simultaneously from both the Eastern Flank by Russia and the Southern Flank, by refugees, migration and terrorism, have imposed NATO to reshape its capabilities. In addition to its commitment to reassurance measures in the Eastern Flank as well as its contribution to transatlantic intelligence coordination against terrorism, NATO is participating in the international endeavor to hold back illegal migration and trafficking in the Aegean. The Alliance is closely cooperating with national coastguards, and Frontex, the border management agency of the EU, in order to monitor the illegal crossings in the Aegean Sea and combat human trafficking. Following the NATO Defence Ministers’ meeting on 26 and 27 October last year   ÃŒ ¶Ã‚   in the context of the implementation of Resolution 2292 UNSCR on the situation in Libya   ÃŒ ¶Ã‚  Ã‚   the Alliance agreed to support the EU-led Operation Sophia in the central Mediterranean. This commitment includes a scale of capabilities such as Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, logistics support as well as contribution to capacity building of the Libyan coastguard and navy, if requested. In that context on 9 November 2016, NATO launched Operation Sea Guardian with an extensive scope in response to a wide- ranging maritime security threats.[14] Inter-institutional cooperation, coordination and integration The gravity of challenges posed by the Balkan conflicts since 1991, and NATO’s commitment in Afghanistan a decade later, have been the key drivers of its progressively immense cooperation with other international organizations. Such organizations posses mandate and capabilities which the Alliance lacks, but that are vital to meeting international security challenges. NATO and the United Nations The Alliance needs the UNSC resolutions as a legal foundation for non-Article 5 operations as well as to justify the legitimacy for such operations. On the other hand, the UN needs NATO for its expertise, resources, and unmatched capabilities to provide far-reaching support and to sustain an extended commitment. Coordination between the two organizations has occasionally been dissatisfactory, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina where NATO and UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) failed to defend Srebrenica designated as â€Å"safe area† by UN. This flawed experience has been contributing to better formulation and renewal of UNSC resolutions mandating operations, especially in the field of command and control arrangements. In September 2005 a NATO UN framework agreement was proposed, designed to provide a structure for continuous cooperation at all levels rather than crisis situations collaboration. Such cooperation could help the UN and many of its member states -which perceive NATO as a Cold War military organization to better understand the Alliance’s consensual decision-making processes. In the Comprehensive Political Guidance endorsed at the Riga summit of November 2006, NATO members agreed that, â€Å"As in Afghanistan, success in Kosovo will depend on a concerted effort. Accordingly, NATO activity to provide a secure environment will continue to be coordinated with the activities of the UN, the EU and the OSCE to build governance and support reform.†[15] NATO and the European Union NATO-EU cooperation dates back to the Cold War. However an important step towards an effective cooperation was marked at the Washington Summit in April 1999[16], where the cooperation principles of the June 1996 agreements in Berlin ÃŒ ¶ known as â€Å"Berlin Plus† ÃŒ ¶ where approved. It took the two organizations from April 1999 to December 2002 to formalize this agreement, in order to allow NATO to support EU-led operations. Operation Concordia from March to December 2003, in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was the first EU-led peacekeeping operation, commanded by a NATO operational commander, where Alliance’s assets were provided to the EU. Comparably, in December 2004 the NATO-led operation Stabilization Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, began to transition to an EU-led operation named Althea under the â€Å"Berlin Plus† framework. Once again, the commander responsible for this Operation was NATO’s DSACEUR. In addition, KFOR, NATO’s peacekeeping force in Kosovo, cooperates closely with EULEX, the EU’s Rule of Law Mission quite alike as NATO-led ISAF and RSM missions in Afghanistan have cooperated with EUPOL, the EU’s Rule of Law Mission. NATO’s Ocean Shield and the EU’s EUNAVFOR Atalanta naval forces are cooperating closely for anti-piracy missions, since September 2008, in Somalia. At the strategic level, NATO and the EU meet on a regular basis at the level of foreign ministers, ambassadors, military representatives and defence advisors. Regular meetings also take place for staff-to-staff talks at all levels between Alliance’s International Staff and International Military Staff, and their EU counterparts. For mutual cooperation at the operational level, in 2005 NATO established a Permanent Liaison Team at the EU Military Staff. Similarly, an EU Cell was set up in 2006 at Alliance’s strategic command for operations in Mons, Belgium. NATO and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Distinctly from the UN, NATO, and the EU, the OSCE is based on political commitments not on treaty arrangements. Generally speaking, Alliance has not been directly engaged in OSCE operations, it has only been providing support for planning, information, and communications, security and logistics, of OSCE activities in places where NATO forces have already been deployed. The first notable cooperation of this kind was the operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1990s. Few years later, in order to support OSCE’s verification mission on the ground in Kosovo, NATO conducted an air reconnaissance mission named Operation Eagle Eye from October 1998 to March 1999. During the same period the Alliance organized an Extraction Force prepared to evacuate OSCE personnel from Kosovo in an emergency. NATO has also cooperated with the OSCE and the EU during the 2001 crisis in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Apart from NATO-OSCE cooperation during Balkan crisis, the two organizations have interacted in other areas such as border security issues, anti-terrorism, combating human trafficking, regional cooperation, etc., mainly in Central Asia, SE Europe and the south Caucasus. It is worth mentioning that there has been little mission competition between NATO and the OSCE due to the fact that the later is particularly focused on specific domains. References North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟The North Atlantic Treaty†, Washington D.C. 4 April 1949, NATO e-Library, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_17120.htm. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟Counter piracy operations†, NATO Newsroom, 19 December 2016, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_48815.htm. Charter, David and Wright, Oliver, US gives ultimatum over NATO spending, February 16 2017, The Sunday Times, accessed at: http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-delivers-ultimatum-over-nato-spending-rg55vrrbv Thomas,   Ken, Rising, David and Moulson, Geir, ‟Mike Pence Says US To Hold Russia Accountable, Stand With Nato†, The Independent, accessed at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mike-pence-nato-hold-russia-accountable-munich-angela-merkel-vladimir-putin-a7587891.html North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Wales Summit Declaration, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_112964.htm. Cuddington, Danielle ‟Support for NATO is widespread among member nations†, July 2016, Spring Global Attitude Survey, Pew Research Center, accessed at: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/06/support-for-nato-is-widespread-among-member-nations Cuddington, Danielle ‟Support for NATO is widespread among member nations†, July 2016, Spring 2015 Global Attitude Survey, pew Research Center, accessed at: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/06/support-for-nato-is-widespread-among-member-nations North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟NATO’s military concept for defence against terrorism†, 21November 2002, accessed at: http://www.fransamaltingvongeusau.com/documents/dl2/h3/2.3.25.pdf North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟Operation Active Endeavour†, 27 October 2016, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_7932.htm?selectedLocale=en North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre†, 7 April 2016, NATO e-Library, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52057.htm?selectedLocale=en North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟NATO’s Policy Guidelines on Counter-Terrorism†, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_topics/ct-policy-guidelines.pdf Argano, M. Elena, ‟A stronger NATO means a stronger Europe. Sea Guardian and Operation Sophia  together†, 15 November 2016, accessed at: https://europe-liberte-securite-justice.org/2016/11/15/a-stronger-nato-means-a-stronger-europe-sea-guardian-and-operation-sophia-together/. North Atlantic Council, ‟Riga Summit Declaration†, 29 November 2006, par. 9,accessed at:http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_37920.htm. North Atlantic Council, ‟Washington Summit Communiquà ©Ã¢â‚¬ , 24 April 1999, par. 10, accessed at: http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-064e.htm. [1] Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟The North Atlantic Treaty†, Washington D.C. 4 April 1949, http://www.nato.int, (Accessed on 04 March 2017). [2] North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟Counter piracy operations†, NATO Newsroom, 19 December 2016, http://www.nato.int, (Accessed on 04 March 2017). [3] Cuddington, Danielle ‟Support for NATO is widespread among member nations†, July 2016, Spring Global Attitude Survey, Pew Research Center, http://www.pewglobal.org (Accessed on 04 March 2017). [4] Cuddington, Danielle ‟Support for NATO is widespread among member nations†, July 2016, Spring 2015 Global Attitude Survey, pew Research Center, http://www.pewglobal.org/, (Accessed on 04 March 2017). [5]Charter, David and Wright, Oliver, ‟US gives ultimatum over Nato spending†, February 16 2017, The Sunday Times, http://www.thetimes.co.uk, accessed on 12 March 2017. [6] Thomas,   Ken, Rising, David and Moulson, Geir, ‟Mike Pence says US to hold Russia accountable, stand with Nato†, The Indipendent, http://www.independent.co.uk, accessed on 12 March 2017. [7]Wales Summit Declaration, North Atlantic Treaty Organization http://www.nato.int (Accessed on 04 March 2017). [8]North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟The North Atlantic Treaty†, Washington D.C. 4 April 1949, NATO e-Library, http://www.nato.int (accessed on 3 April 2017). [9] North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟NATO’s military concept for defence against terrorism†, 21November 2002, http://www.fransamaltingvongeusau.com (accessed on 4 April 2017). [10] North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟Operation Active Endeavour†, 27 October 2016, NATO e-Library http://www.nato.int (accessed on 4 April 2017). [11] North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre†, 7 April 2016, NATO e-Library, http://www.nato.int (accessed on 4 April 2017). [12] North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‟NATOÊ ¼s policy Guidelines on Counter Terrorism†, 20-21 May 2014, http://www.nato.int/nato (accessed on 4 April 2017). [13] This is a classified document, not for public release. [14] Argano, M. Elena, ‟A stronger NATO means a stronger Europe. Sea Guardian and Operation Sophia  together†, 15 November 2016, https://europe-liberte-securite-justice.org, (accessed on 12 April 2017). [15] North Atlantic Council, ‟Riga Summit Declaration†, 29 November 2006, http://www.nato.int, (accessed on 4 April 2017). [16] North Atlantic Council, ‟Washington Summit Communiquà ©Ã¢â‚¬ , 24 April 1999, http://www.nato.int, (accessed on 4 April 2017).

The Weakness of Servant Leadership Essay -- Servant Leaders are Wimps

After reading various essays and commentaries on servant leadership I thought about a criticism of the theory that wasn't addressed in the readings. Are servant leaders taken advantage of and in certain instances seen as pushovers rather than true leaders? If we review the basic concept of servant leadership, my definition would be a leader who does what’s necessary to ensure his followers are successful. Is this what you really want from a leader? In my opinion that answer is no, you want a leader to exhibit these â€Å"I will help you by all means† characteristics in certain situations, but not all of the time. If this is done all of the time I see this â€Å"leader† as a targeted pushover. The lesson commentary referenced the role of parenthood as an example of servant leadership. â€Å"Parents serve their children’s needs so that the children can develop into healthy adults†¦so that they can help their own children develop† (Lesson 11 Comme ntary, p. 2 Houston). For us parents out there, we know that this can be a slippery slope. If you always come to the rescue of the child, they will not learn ...

Mgt602 Case Study Sample

Starbuck’ Strategy and Internal Initiatives to Return to Profitable Growth Shangze Li MGT 602 National University April 13, 2012 Starbuck’s Strategic Analysis Mission From the stuff of the textbook, there are some content about Starbucks’ mission statement. Howard Schultze who is the chairman and CEO of Starbucks would like their mission statement to convey a strong sense of organizational purpose and to articulate Starbucks’ fundamental beliefs and guiding principles. They renewed their mission statement in October, 2008.It is â€Å"To inspire and nurture the human spirit- one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time here are the principles of how we live that every day† (Thompson, 2012). The strategic mission of Starbucks is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand name in coffee and for the company to be admired for its corporate responsibility. Starbucks has six corporate values as its own internal guideline. Firs tly, provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity.Secondly, embrace diversity as essential component in their business approaches. Thirdly, apply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing process. Fourthly, roast and deliver fresh coffee. Fifthly, develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. Sixthly, contribute positively to communities and environment, and recognize that profitability is essential to their future success. As such, Starbucks uses these principles as a guideline for all employees to achieve the company’s goals (Starbucks, 2012). Store Expansion StrategyThompson mentioned Starbucks’ expansion strategy in this case. From 1993, Starbucks began their geographic expansion strategy to target areas. They believed â€Å"Starbucks everywhere† strategy cut down on delivery and management costs. The data showing that their operating margin was 14. 3% in fiscal 2007, but declining store sales and depressed economic conditions had driven the margin down to 6. 0% in fiscal 2008 and 7. 5% in fiscal 2009. In 1995, Starbucks began entering into licensing agreements for store locations in areas where it did not have ability to locate its own outlets.Till September 2009, Starbucks had company-operated and licensed stores in 50 countries and expected to open 200 new stored internationally in fiscal 2010 (Thompson, 2012). Revenue growth is decreasing because Starbucks lacks experienced management. Schultz has never led a growth effort of such magnitude and is just learning what the job of DEO is all about. Additionally, the US economic slowdown makes Starbucks experience a steeper fall and the customers are more price sensitive the past year. Customers lose their jobs, they don’t have money to drink coffee in Starbucks.According to this situation, Starbucks should reduce their US expansion efforts. Continued aggressive expansion in the United States by adding as many new stor e locations as in the past will inevitably act to cannibalize existing locations same store sales. The specialty coffee industry in the United State has entered the mature stage. One of the qualities inherent to the mature stage of the industry lifecycle is overcapacity. Any significant expansion efforts in an environment where overcapacity is present will be met with failure.By reducing their expansion efforts in the United States, Starbucks can redirect the capital saved into their international expansion efforts. The international market provides an ideal target for expansion and the penetration rate of specialty coffee in many nations is low and these countries have the potential market share capacity (Larson, 2008). Business Strategy From the mid-1990, Starbucks started their products strategy. The strategic objectives were to capitalize on Starbucks’ growing brand awareness and brand-name strength and create a broader foundation for sustained long-term growth in revenue s and profits (Thompson, 2012).Starbucks should start new independent business unit for new products, with decentralization for products-group structure. They should reduce cross functional tasks to reduce confusion between employees and increase efficiency. Starbucks gets the outsiders of their board to gain potential new ideas in new business. Exploring new business is a blue ocean strategy and gets a first mover advantage (Paydirect, 2012). Marketing Starbucks had spent relatively little money on advertising, preferring instead to build the brand cup by cup with customers and depend on word of mouth and the appeal of its storefronts.Adverting expenditures were $126. 3million in fiscal 2009, versus $129. 0 million in fiscal in 2008. Starbucks stepped up advertising efforts in 2008 to combat the strategic initiatives of McDonald’s and several other fast-food chains to begin offering premium coffees and coffee drinks at prices below those charged by Starbucks (Thompson, 2012) . Store Ambience Starbucks should create a store atmosphere that fits the local settings and by training baristas to increase the personal connection between themselves and their customers.Starbucks encourage s feedback from their customers to induce a family like feeling and instructs all baristas to greet every customer. To further increase this emotional connection with their customers, Starbucks can implement digital picture frames in all store locations and uploads local customer photos and perhaps even customer supplied family photos, customers have the option of uploading some of their family photos into the digital picture frames Starbucks gives them the chance to personalize their local coffee shop and joins a community (Larson, 2008).Research and development Starbucks can continue in their research and development strategy by being the technological leader in the coffee retail business (Thompson, 2012). Starbucks should continually improve the coffee’s variety. Maga zine consumer reports rated McDonald’s drip coffee as tasting better than that of Starbucks in 2009. To ensure the quality of their coffee, Starbucks should continually analyze their brewing systems and practices and considers renovations.The brewing process should at all times be judged based upon its ability to bring out the complexities and distinctive flavors of the world’s different exotic specialty coffees. Starbucks introduces their Tazo tea brand into the Japanese market. After a successful trial run in Japan, Tazo is brought into the US markets. Starbucks should diversify in related business to secure its own business, as customers have brand preference such as Macdonald, Donuts and so on (Paydirect, 2012). FinanceIn March 2010, Starbucks announced it first-ever cash dividend of $0. 10 per share to be paid quarterly starting with the second quarter of fiscal 2010. Net revenues increased 8. 6 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2010 compared with the same q uarter in fiscal 2009 (Thompson, 2012). Starbucks should use the best of their economies of scale to reduce costs. Starbucks should start new independent business unit for analyze the cost and return of new coffee’s product which is a cost driver.Accountants and auditors should follow the corporate governance to control some unnecessary expense and use performance test to identify the financial competitive advantage (Paydirect, 2012). Starbucks should evaluate their performance substantively and symbolically to avoid any accumulative financial losses to take quick corrective actions. The best evaluation method for Starbucks will be measuring ROI for any new investment they made and for the old investments as well. Starbucks should measures net profit for each store to separate between profitable and non-profitable stores.Hence, Starbucks will have a clear financial positioning (Paydirect, 2012). Reference Larson, R. C. (2008). Starbucks a strategic analysis. Retrieved on Sep 22,2012 from http:// coe. brown. edu/documents/starbucksastrategicanalysis_ R. Larson_honors_2009. pdf Paydirect. (2012). About Us. starbucks. Retrieved from Sep 20, 2012 from http://www. starbucks. com/about-us Thompson, A. A. , Peteraf, M. A. , Gamble, J. E. , Strickland III, A. J. (2012). Crafting and Executing Strategy: concepts and cases: global edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.